Novelant Scientific Research Inc.

Our recent research publications:
Analytical Resolution of the Dark Night Sky (Olbers’) Paradox by Zaki Harari
Imagine a puzzle as old as humanity - why is the night sky dark if there are countless stars out there? This paper delves into this age-old mystery, revealing that despite the infinite number of stars in the universe, the night sky appears relatively dark to human eyes due to a fascinating interplay of factors such as how our eyes work and the way star brightness is distributed in our galactic neighbourhood, and how the light is projected onto the celestial sphere as seen from Earth. The brightness of the night sky image formed inside our eyes is determined by how much light our eyes are able to detect and accumulate, in much the same way that the brightness of the image formed by a camera is influenced by the camera settings, especially the exposure time. It is important to specify the parameters of the light detection device - our eyes being a biological light detection device - when we seek to measure the brightness of the night sky. We conclude that our eyes and even our best telescopes can likely only see an unknowable tiny part of the vast universe due to practical limits on observation time, making it challenging to truly grasp the immense size of the cosmos through direct observation alone. Reflecting on the dark night sky paradox, if only we had asked the question "Why does the night sky appear dark to our eyes if there are countless stars out there?", the resolution might even have suggested itself more readily. Similarly, it is worth contemplating that some of the matter comprising galaxies may indeed be too dim (dark) to be visible from Earth, and remain so perhaps indefinitely.
Derivation of a Revised Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation That Predicts Combustion Oscillations by Zaki Harari
Our research reveals a subtle yet significant deviation from Newton's third law of motion in the derivation of the iconic Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation, a cornerstone of rocket propulsion science since its introduction in 1903. We employ a dynamic model in which the propellant generates forward momentum through self-combustion and expansion, leading to the development of the Revised Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation. This work illuminates the intricate interplay between detonation and retonation waves generated in a rocket combustion chamber, essential for better understanding the source of combustion instability, a critical factor in catastrophic rocket engine failures. We also show that it is imprecise to describe a rocket as a mass ejection-reaction machine because a rocket is propelled forward when the gas pressure inside the combustion chamber is made higher than the gas pressure at the exhaust nozzle, and that the rearward mass ejection is merely the visible after-effect of the expended pressurized gases being released, not the cause of rocket propulsion. Our findings aim to contribute to the design of more efficient rocket engines and offer valuable insights into the intricate realm of combustion engineering.
Investigating the Mathematical Foundations of the Euler and Navier-Stokes Equations by Zaki Harari
In this study, we explore the mathematical foundations of the Euler and Navier-Stokes equations in fluid dynamics and identify inconsistencies in the definitions of flow velocity and the material derivative. We argue that flow velocity should be treated as a parametric function of time, rather than a bivariate function of initial position and time, revealing mathematical inconsistencies in the standard material derivative formulation. Our findings indicate that in non-unidirectional flows, the relationship between parcel position and flow velocity becomes ambiguous, suggesting that flow velocity is not a valid function of position in both Lagrangian and Eulerian descriptions. This raises questions about the feasibility of integrating these equations spatially under certain conditions. Through our analysis, we also highlight limitations of the Eulerian approach, particularly for gases and low-viscosity liquids. We advocate for a shift towards Lagrangian-based solutions to better capture complex flow behaviors, aiming to enhance our understanding and modeling capabilities across various scientific fields such as atmospheric sciences and oceanography.